The forest rotation period is a central planning tool in sustainable forestry. It defines after how many years a stand reaches maturity and should be harvested. Spruce and pine typically have rotation periods of 80–120 years, while oak can reach 200 years or more. The choice of rotation period influences wood quality, assortment structure, and ecosystem services. Short rotations yield pulpwood and biomass; long rotations produce high-value sawlogs and veneer timber. Climate change and market developments are leading to adjustments in classical rotation lengths. The rotation period is closely linked to the forestry principle of sustainability.